Everything about The Protestant Union totally explained
The
Protestant Union (also known as
Evangelical Union or
Union of Auhausen) was a coalition of
Protestant German states that was formed in
1608 to defend the rights, lands and person of each member.
It was formed after the
Holy Roman Emperor and Duke
Maximilian I of
Bavaria reestablished
Catholicism in
Donauwörth in
1607 and after a majority of the
Reichstag had decided in 1608 that the renewal of the
Peace of Augsburg of
1555 should be conditional upon the restoration of all church land appropriated since
1552. The
Protestant Princes met in
Auhausen, near
Nördlingen and on
May 14 1608 formed a military league under the leadership of
Frederick IV of the
Palatinate. In response, the
Catholic League was formed in the following year, headed by Duke Maximilian of Bavaria.
Members included the
Palatinate,
Anhalt,
Neuburg,
Württemberg,
Baden,
Ansbach,
Bayreuth,
Hesse-Kassel,
Brandenburg,
Ulm,
Strasbourg and
Nürnberg.
The Protestant Union was weakened from the start by the non-participation of powerful
Protestant rulers such as the
Elector of Saxony. The Union was also beset by internal strife between its
Lutheran and
Calvinist members.
When
Frederick V of the
Palatinate, (successor to
Frederick IV), accepted the crown of
Bohemia in
1619 the Protestant Union signed the
Treaty of Ulm (1620) and refused to support him. In January 1621 the Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II imposed the
Ban of the Empire upon Frederick V and gave his electorate and the Upper Palatinate to Maximilian. The Protestant Union met in
Heilbronn in February and formally protested over the actions of Ferdinand. Ferdinand ignored this complaint and ordered the Protestant Union to disband their army. In May under the
Mainz Accord the members of the Protestant Union complied with Ferdinand's demand and on
24 May 1621 formally dissolved the Protestant Union.
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